Laïcité is a core value of the French Republic which is the idea that religion should not influence public or political life in any way. The doctrine is implemented through various policies which include a ban on government financial aid to religious groups discouraging any religious involvement in political affairs and banning religious teaching in schools. 

 Before the amendment, the civil courts had supervisory jurisdiction (via judicial review) over decisions made by Syariah Courts. This meant that parties dissatisfied with a Syariah Court ruling could challenge it in the civil courts, especially using Article 121(1) which vested judicial power in the High Courts. Article 121(1A) of the Malaysian Federal Constitution was ammended to introduce a separation of jurisdictions between civil and Syariah courts, stating that civil courts have no jurisdiction over matters within the purview of the Syariah courts.  Non-Muslim parties have often been adversely affected by Syariah Court decisions, yet have had no recourse to challenge those decisions in Civil Courts due to the jurisdictional bar imposed by Article 121(1A) of the Federal Constitution. 

In many post-conflict societies, truth and reconciliation commissions (TRCs) are created to acknowledge past atrocities, promote healing, and prevent future violence. Religious leaders often play a central public role due to their perceived moral authority, community influence, and symbolic neutrality.However, in some conflicts especially those with religious dimensions or where religious institutions were complicit in violence, silence, or discrimination—their inclusion in transitional processes may be controversial. 

 Emotion recognition technology (ERT) is a form of AI that analyzes  human characteristics, like facial expressions and voice, to  determine emotional states. It's a growing field with potential  applications in healthcare, business, and law enforcement

For the purpose of this debate: non-career politicians are those who enter politics from non-political fields (business, journalism, military, etc.), at high-ranking offices (minister, head-of-state, head-of- party, etc.).

The Dravidian movement was a socio-political and cultural movement in Tamil Nadu that emerged in the early 20th century to challenge caste oppression, Brahmin dominance, and North Indian cultural hegemony. Recently, the ideological tone of the movement has softened from its early radical atheism and anti-Brahmin stance, focusing more on inclusive development, education, digital governance, and job creation. The core values of rationalism, social equity, and federalism remain strong, with resistance to Hindi imposition and centralization of power by the Union government being key issues.

A mail order bride is a woman who seeks a marriage partner through a service or agency that arranges international marriages, typically involving men from wealthier countries who are seeking partners from countries with fewer economic opportunities, most commonly Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America

Separatist feminism argues that in order to oppose and fight against patriarchal norms, women must separate themselves from men and male-dominated institutions. This form of feminism has inspired various female-centred societies and encourages the sustaining aspect of building an alternative community for sites specific to women and female empowerment.

A is 27 years old, financially independent and lives in a major metropolitan city. She is emotionally intelligent but also shaped by a past that makes her cautious.

For the purposes of this debate, reality shows are programs that feature ordinary people who consent to be filmed over an extended period in which they face unique circumstances, often in a competitive environment.

Tradwife refers to women who embrace more traditional gender roles, which includes being a homemaker, focusing on domestic duties and emphasizing submission to their male partner e.g Nara Smith.